
Modernism, in-between wars in Portugal, can generally be divided into two paths that were followed and began to be displayed in art halls in this first decade. This path was followed to continue a tradition that had roots in Impressionism, and had its emphasis on the technique, a stylistic decompression that was fiercely opposed to the academical tradition and showed an individual expressionism – which was independent from the contents or themes of the pieces. The cosmopolitan modernists were working in another direction, giving emphasis to objects and ambience, they pictured Lisbon as cosmopolitan, similar to Paris, Berlin or Vienna, a nocturnal city, filled with madness, although this never really happened outside of a small elite group.
The first manifestations appeared in the twenties, in the collective halls. It got the most visibility in magazines—where the goal was to make an audience and lead the new tendencies. One example is Ilustração Portuguesa, throughout the short period where António Ferro was the editor, and Contemporânea, “A magazine specifically for civilised people - made to educate people”.
In 1925, architect José Pacheko and other modernists insisted that “A Brasileira do Chiado”, a coffee shop, should order eleven paintings from seven different artists to decorate the recently renewed interiors, these paintings were displayed there until 1971. At the same time, nearby – in Restauradores – a nocturnal club ordered paintings and sculptures to the most irreverent modernist artists, this club had been founded in 1918 by Mário Ribeiro, entrepreneur, admirer and collector of modernist art. These polemic interventions were repeatedly critiqued, which culminated in nominating this space a contemporary art museum, it was the only contemporary art museum, and the only contemporary aesthetic experience for most of the population.
Throughout the 1920s, the occurrence of modern art halls and collective exhibitions was scarce and artists who could show their pieces in the few exhibition halls available, or in commercial spaces did it mostly to satisfy their clientele.